Alcohol Producing Yeast :: Environment, Fossil Fuel, Crude Oil

Food and aught security have always been substantive needfully in various ways. This is due to their limited resources and their increasing remove by a growing human population 1, 2, 3. At the similar time demands of fermentation alcohol has been increasing since it is considered to be an alternative transportation energy source separate than food consumption 4, 5. Considerable attention has been disposed to ethyl alcohol production from various available sugar substrates such as molasses, sugar cane juice 6 amyloid materials like rice, millet, corn, sorghum, wheat, potato, cassava 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 as first generation ethanol and cellulosic materials as second generation ethanol 11. Pearl millet, broken rice and sorghum are the major starchy materials used by Indian distilleries not only for the production of drink alcohol 12 but also for the give notice purpose (http//www.icrisat.org/text/ explore/grep/homepage/sgmm/chapter12.pdf). Moreover, Indian distilleries use thes e raw materials based on their availableness and woo since these are seasonal grains 12, 13. The increasing price of crude oil and other fossil fuels have increased the interest in alternative fuel sources around the world 14, 15. Fuel alcohol production from starch materials inescapably constant process improvement for meeting the economic payback by lowering the high price energy consumption and improvement in fermentation efficiency in lay to be considered as a viable alternative to fossil fuel. At present, production costs for ethanol is INR 20 to 23 per liter from molasses based ethanol plant (1.0 INR = 0.0225683 USD), which is close to higher than the Brazil using molasses (INR 14 to 16 per liter) 16. The Indian distilleries want technological alternatives that would lower cost and provide higher margins in order to compete with gasoline and other fossil fuels. For the molasses based industry with 100KL per twenty-four hour period capacity will require 450KWH power, 1620 to 1800 KL weewee per day for molasses dilution and cooling water requirement will be 1080 KL per day. For a plant of such capacity, 2.0 to 2.3 MT of steam for 1.0 KL of ethanol production is required. In India, due to limited availability of molasses, molasses alone is not sufficient to meet the growing ethanol needs of the country, especially for use as a biofuel. Furthermore, the government of India is aggressively promoting the purpose of blending petrol (gasoline) with ethanol to reduce dependence on petrol, and close to 500 million liters of ethanol would be required every year, unconstipated if 10% ethanol is blended with gasoline (http//www.